Major League Baseball

The predictable but unhittable Jake McGee

Updated Mar. 4, 2020 9:16 p.m. ET

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There's nothing more frustrating than knowing something is coming that you can't do anything about. This is what it feels like to face Jake McGee.

As researchers dive into pitch sequencing tactics and benefits, McGee powers on as the most extreme example of a pitcher who has no interest in sequencing much of anything. No pitcher threw his primary pitch more often than McGee, whose four-seamer made up a mind-boggling 96 percent of his pitchers. Not only does McGee throw fastballs incredibly often in aggregate, he does so without taking special care to even show his secondary pitch, a slurvy curveball, with any regularity.

Below is a chart of the relievers who most relied on their primary pitch last season. All pitchers listed threw their primary pitch a minimum of 200 times. Ten relievers threw it more than 80 percent of the time, but McGee sits atop the leaderboard.

Fastball-first relievers take up nine of the 10 spots on the list. Knuckleballer Steven Wright is the only pitcher to make the list with a non-fastball primary pitch. McGee clearly uses his fastball the most of all pitchers, though it's difficult, in my mind anyway, to contextualize just how extreme 96 percent is. The chart below details another, perhaps more telling, facet of McGee's fastball usage -- one that puts it into a context that might be easier to visualize.

The relevant column in this chart is "Average Streak," which indicates the average number of consecutive pitches that the pitcher in question threw between other pitches. McGee threw, on average, 28 fastballs between curves in the last year. There is a steep drop off from McGee to Britton, and by the time we get to the bottom of the leaderboard -- the seventh or eighth most extreme pitchers -- we're talking about just five or six fastballs between secondaries appearances. McGee went an average of 1.7 innings between non-fastballs.

Furthermore, McGee's streakiness is highlighted by great peaks and not simply a sustained aversion to throwing more than a couple breaking balls per appearance. This last chart shows the longest streaks of consecutive pitches from relievers in 2014:

McGee's longest streak of consecutive fastballs lasted from his July 20 appearance against Minnesota until his Aug. 9 outing against the Cubs. Not only did he have the longest streak of consecutive pitches last season, he had several that would also land him on this list if we were including more than one per pitcher. McGee had four-seam streaks that lasted 37, 38, 45, 47, 51, 60, 82, and 125 pitches. If the leaderboard above were simply the longest streaks by all pitchers, McGee would take the first, second, third and fifth spots, with only Doolittle's 62 making the top five among non-McGee pitchers.

There is one last note that is worth considering, which takes McGee's affinity for his fastball from the remarkable to the absurd. McGee's four longest streaks (206, 125, 82, and 60 consecutive fastballs) all came sequentially, with just three curveballs between them. That is, from July 9 through Sept. 20, McGee threw 473 fastballs to just three curves. That's 99.4 percent fastballs. (The exceptions, because you're curious: A whiff of Adam Jones; a pulled foul ball by Chris Coghlan; and ball four to Trevor Plouffe in the 12th pitch of an at-bat. He snapped the "streak" with a whiff of Jose Abreu.)

It's nearly impossible to appreciate this freakishness in real time. Even a casual fan might notice that McGee has a tendency to throw a lot of fastballs, but a streak like the one described lasted months' -- realistically, how could you notice?

There's something deeply fascinating about McGee's absurd pitch usage over the course of these 29 outings. McGee threw 30 1/3 innings over the course of those outings, during which he struck out 40 opposing hitters and allowed just eight earned runs. McGee willingly went back to the well again and again even though opposing hitters presumably knew what was coming. (Einstein defined insanity as going to bat against Jake McGee over and over again and expecting a curveball.)

Velocity is his fastball's most noteworthy attribute. The pitch ranges from 95 to 101 mph, which is elite for a lefty. In fact, Brooks Baseball notes that (measured against lefty relievers) McGee's velocity last year would merit a 73 on the 20-80 scouting scale, nearly two and a half standard deviations faster than his contemporaries'. Additionally, McGee's usage of the fastball varies minimally by count -- or, obviously, at all. Against lefties McGee didn't throw a single curveball when behind or even in the count. He threw just 14 when ahead, with eight of those coming with two strikes on the hitter.

As far as movement goes, McGee's fastball does have quite a bit of arm-side run, but there isn't a ton of variability in terms of the movement he gets on the pitch. (Relative to other relievers, the pitch-to-pitch variability ranks 137th out of 241 relievers.) Hitters should have a good idea of what McGee's fastball will look like:

Moreover, McGee's location choices are more of the same. Left-handed hitters will hardly ever see an inside fastball from McGee. By hardly ever I mean that McGee throws his fastball down the middle or further outside a whopping 82 percent of the time to lefties. Righties see some more diverse locations from McGee, though he mainly works up in the zone and predominantly on the outside:

All of this stands to further impress the notion that McGee is either crazy or supremely confident in his fastball. Not only do opposing hitters know the pitch is coming, but they largely also know where he's going to throw it and how it's going to move.

McGee's confidence only grew as the season progressed. Over the first half of his season (45 outings) McGee averaged just 16.7 fastballs between curves. Over the second half of his season (28 outings) McGee averaged 61 fastballs between breaking balls.

So how is McGee successful? First and foremost, he throws 100 mph. There is also the movement, which despite being fairly unremarkable in its variability is impressive in its magnitude. But probably the most important component is that McGee has elite level command of his 95-plus mph fastball. Watch him strike out the side against the Orioles for a save on September 5:

Max streak

Player	Team	Pitch	Max streak
Jake McGee	Rays	FA	206
Sean Doolittle	A's	FA	62
Kevin Siegrist	Cardinals	FA	56
Zach Britton	Orioles	SI	50
Aaron Sanchez	Blue Jays	SI	46
Burke Badenhop	Red Sox	SI	45
Evan Meek	Orioles	FA	40
Kenley Jansen	Dodgers	FC	37
Steven Wright	Red Sox	KN	36
Brandon League	Dodgers	SI	36

Average streak

Player	Team	Pitch	Average streak
Jake McGee	Rays	FA	28
Zach Britton	Orioles	SI	11
Steven Wright	Red Sox	KN	10
Kenley Jansen	Dodgers	FC	9
Sean Doolittle	A's	FA	9
Kevin Siegrist	Cardinals	FA	9
Brian Schlitter	Cubs	SI	6
Evan Meek	Orioles	FA	6
Ernesto Frieri	Angels/Pirates	FA	6
Trevor Rosenthal	Cardinals	FA	5

Primary pitches

Player	Team	Pitch	Usage Rate
Jake McGee	Rays	FA	96.49%
Zach Britton	Orioles	SI	90.88%
Kenley Jansen	Dodgers	FC	89.19%
Kevin Siegrist	Cardinals	FA	87.43%
Sean Doolittle	A's	FA	87.49%
Steven Wright	Red Sox	KN	87.80%
Evan Meek	Orioles	FA	83.17%
Brian Schlitter	Cubs	SI	82.62%
Josh Collmenter	Diamondbacks	FC	85.52%
Zachary McAllister	Indians	FA	81.22%

Go back up to that pitch chart three paragraphs up. The lesson you'd take from the chart against lefties might be that he really wants to keep the ball away to lefties. But the more important suggestion is that he's really, really good at hitting his spots. He has a clear aim with his fastball -- and he hits it enough to leave blue everywhere else. That's not a chart about strategy as much as it's a chart about execution.

There's a hypothesis that pitchers who vary their approach and avoid predictable pitch sequencing are at an advantage. The idea being that varying your pitch sequences keeps hitters off balance and gives the pitcher an edge. McGee is, if nothing else, proof that the null hypothesis can't be discounted out of hand. He posted a 1.89 ERA backed by a robust 1.73 FIP. Opposing hitters know what pitch is coming, and they know where heâs throwing it. They know how fast the pitch is, and they know how the pitch moves. None of that matters. Opposing hitters swing at more than 50 percent of his offerings. More than a quarter of those swings result in whiffs. McGee does not care for the concept of pitch sequencing at all. Something tells me he'll be just fine moving forward without it. Regardless of whether McGee is a little mad or just supremely confident in his fastball, the results speak for themselves.

Jeff Long is an author of Baseball Prospectus.